NIRS technology is known as it is today beacuse of the wet chemistry methods that were used to make the mathematical prediction equations. The methods used by our partner Dairyland Laboratories to develop these equations are detailed below.
AOAC Official Method 942.05(1996).
NDFD (Neutral Detergent Fiber Digestibility)
Fermented in flasks using the method of Goering and Van Soest (1970) with the modification that a composite inoculum containing strained ruminal fluid and blended ruminal solids. Residue analyzed by NDF procedure.
Starch Digestibility
“In vitro Starch Disappearance Procedure Modifications” – Animal Feed Science and Technology 55 pg 35-45 1995. (Modification includes using Goering and Soest (1970) method with modification that a composite inoculums containing strained ruminal fluid and blended ruminal solids for digestion and starch procedure below for residual starch determination).
Protein Digestibility
Development of an In Vitro Intestinal Digestibility Assay for Ruminant Feeds – Proceedings for 75th Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers pg 190-202 Ross, D.A. 2013
Partial Dry Matter in Forage Using Forced-air Drying Ovens
Dried in forced-air drying ovens at 55°C for 16 to 24 hours, following : NFTA Method 2.2.1.1.
Dry Matter in Forage Using Forced-air Drying Ovens
Dried in forced-air drying ovens at 105°C for 16 hours or at 100°C for 24 hours, following : NFTA Method 2.2.2.2.
Dry Matter in Plants
Dried in forced-air drying ovens at 135°C for 2 hours, following : NFTA Method 2.2.2.1.
Acid Hydrolysis Fat
Determination of total fat in feed and feed ingredients using the SoxCap 2047 in combination with Soxtec extraction systems, Foss Analytical AB Soxtec System Application Note AN3902(2006).
Crude Fat: Diethyl Ether Extract
(Default Method)
AOAC Official Method 920.39 16th Edition ch4 pg25 (Automated with Foss Soxtec 2047 instrument with the use of diethyl ether).
Crude Fat: Petroleum Ether Extract
(Official Method of the Distillers Grain Technology Council)
AOAC Official Method 920.39 16th Edition ch4 pg25 (Automated with Foss Soxtec 2047 instrument with the use of petroleum ether).
Fatty Acid Analysis
Fatty Acid Analysis in Animal Feeds: Method workshop from 30th Annual MW AOACI Meeting and Exposition. Kraft, J. and Palmquist, D. (Modification using a packed column instead of capillary column).
ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber)
AOAC Official Method 973.18 (1996) (Modification includes use of Sea Sand for filter aid as needed).
Crude Fiber
AOAC Official Method 978.10 ch4 p28 (1979) (Modification includes use of Sea Sand for filter aid as needed).
Lignin
AOAC Official Method 973.18 (1996) (Modification includes use of Sea Sand for filter aid as needed, use of Whatman GF/C filter paper to collect residue, and holding crucibles in beakers to cover fiber with 72% sulfuric acid for full time required).
NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber)
AOAC Official Method 2002.04 2005(Modification includes use of Sea Sand for filter aid and Whatman GF/C filter paper for residue collection).
Metals in Plants
AOAC Official Method 953.01 16th edition, Ch3 pg 2.
Dry Ash
Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium (Short Mineral Analysis) Wisconsin Soil Testing and Plant Analysis Procedures No. 6 Soil Fertility Series 1970 Revised 1977.
Analytical Methods Guide, Orion Research, May 1977.
ADICP (Acid Detergent Insoluble Crude Protein)
Residue from ADF method is collected by use of Whatman 541 (nitrogen-free) paper or Whatman GF/C filter paper before analysis for nitrogen by Crude Protein method.
Ammonia
Ammonium-N determination by distillation, Recommended Methods of Manure Analysis. ch4 sec1: 25 (2003), (Modification using Kjelsorb reagent).
Nitrogen and Crude Protein
Protein (Crude) in Animal Feed: Combustion Method. AOAC Official Method 990.03 16th Edition, Ch 4 pg 18.
Neutral Detergent Insoluble Crude Protein
Residue from the NDF method (minus sodium sulfite) is collected by use of Whatman 541 (nitrogen-free) paper or Whatman GF/C filter paper before analysis for nitrogen by Crude Protein method.
Protein Dispersibility Index
AOCS Official Method., BA 10-65.
Acid Hydrolysis Starch
Determining Corn Germ and Pericarp Residual Starch by Acid Hydrolysis Cereal Chemistry 86(2):133-135 Vidal, B.C Jr., Rausch, K.D., Tumbleson, M.E., Singh, V.
Dietary Starch
Starch Analysis in Animal Feed: Method workshop from 30th Annual MW AOACI Meeting and Exposition. Method that is undergoing AOAC collaborative study. (Modification: Glucose analysis completed on YSI 2700 Select Biochemistry analyzer instead of using GOPOD).
Total Ethanol Soluble Carbohydrates
Neutral Detergent-Soluble Carbohydrates Nutritional Relevance and Analysis, Hall, M.B., Lab Manual (University of Florida) Bulletin 339.
Total water Soluble Carbohydrates
Extraction procedure adapted from Derias, R.E. 1961. J. Sci. Fd. Agric. 12:152 (Method for determination water soluble carbohydrates). Detection procedure from Neutral Detergent-Soluble Carbohydrates Nutritional Relevance and Analysis, Hall, M.B., Lab Manual(University of Florida) Bulletin 339
“Determination of Volatile Carboxylic Acids (C1-C5i) and Lactic Acid in Aqueous Acid Extracts of Silage by High Performance Liquid Chromatography” Journal of Sci. Food Agric 35pp1178-1182 (1984) Modification by Dr. Richard Muck, U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI.